For example, here I am predicting the action potentials, or the spikes, that are fired by one of these neurons when the dragonfly sees the prey move.

例如，我在这里预测当蜻蜓看到猎物移动时，其中一个神经元发射了动作位或脉冲。

The initial action potential accounts for 1 to 5 milliseconds and synaptic transmissions only take 0.1 to 0.5 milliseconds, so the bulk of that time is spent within the axons.

产生最初的运动位占用了 1 到 5 毫秒，突触传播仅需 1 至 5 毫秒，所以大块时间用在了神经轴突上。

Normally, electrical signals, or action potentials, travel down the axon to the axon terminal, where they trigger the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synapse.

通常情况，号或动作位通过轴突传递到轴突末梢，从而刺激化学号分子（神经递质）从突触小泡释放到突触间隙。

When the action potential travels down one of those tubes, it eventually triggers the voltage-sensitive proteins that are linked to those calcium channels on the cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum.

当动作位通过其中一个管子时，它最终会触发与细胞肌浆网上的钙通道相的压敏感蛋白。

Action potentials can travel as quickly as 100 meters per second, which is about 224 miles per hour for us non-metric system users.

动作位可以以每秒 100 米的速度传播，对于我们非公制用户来说大约是每小时 224 英里。

Since chloride has a negative charge, it makes the inside of a cell more negative, and that inhibits an action potential.

由于氯离子带负，这可导致细胞内负荷积聚，来抑制动作位。

So, the key factors that determine how quickly you think include how long it takes to generate an initial action potential; propagate it down the length of the axon; and transport it through the synapse.

所以，决定你思考速度的关键因素包括最初产生动作位，以及将它一路传到轴突，再通过突触来进行传输的时间。

Medications like lidocaine or Xylocaine, which you typically get at the dentist or for some minor procedures, basically block the opening of voltage-gated sodium ions, which means that you can't really have those action potentials spread.

像利多卡因或昔洛卡因这样的药物，通常会在牙医那里或一些小手术中使用到，基本上阻止了压门控钠离子的开放，这意味着你无法让动作位扩散。

But how we experience our six major special senses all boils down to one thing: sensory cells translating chemical, electromagnetic, and mechanical stimuli into action potentials that our nervous system can make sense of.

但是我们如何体验我们的六种主要特殊感官都归结为一件事：感觉细胞将化学、磁和机械刺激转化为我们神经系统可以理解的动作位。

An action potential is an electrical signal that races down the axon, and triggering the release of neurotransmitters or a chemical signal on the other end.

动作位是一种沿轴突传递的号，它可激活末梢神经递质这种化学号的释放。

So now we've paused on one motor action potential that's happening right now inside of your brain.

我们现在暂停在此时此刻正在你脑内的一个运动势。

So once again, it all boils down to action potentials.

所以再一次，这一切都归结为动作位。

The first is that a fever raises the core body temperature, and it makes neurons more excitable than usual, meaning that action potentials are more likely to happen.

首先，发热导致了身体核心温度的升高，这会使神经元比平常更容易兴奋，即更容易产生动作位。

These compounded factors can raise the speed of an action potential as high as 432 kilometers per hour.

这些复合因素可以将动作位提速至每小时 432 公里。

They transmit signals down their axons by way of electrical impulses, or action potentials.

它们通过子脉冲或动作位把号向传递给神经轴突。

Since calcium has a positive charge, it makes the inside of the cell more positive, and that helps trigger an action potential.

由于钙离子带正，这可导致细胞内正荷积聚，来触发动作位。

My brain sends an action potential along the motor neuron until it synapses with a muscle cell in my arm.

我的大脑沿着运动神经元发送动作位，直到它与我手臂上的肌肉细胞突触。

Excitatory neurotransmitters depolarize the postsynaptic neuron by making the inside of it more positive and bringing it closer to its action potential threshold, making it more likely to fire that message on to the next neuron.

兴奋性神经递质通过使突触后神经元内部更加积极并使其更接近其动作位阈值来去极化突触后神经元，使其更有可能将该息发送到一个神经元。

Myelin is extremely important to neurons, because it helps to allow an action potential to propagate much faster.

髓鞘对于神经元十分重要，因为它可以极大地加速动作位的传播。

Since some of these neurons can be very long, especially ones that go from the spinal cord to the toes, the fact that myelin helps speed up action potentials is super important.

由于一些神经元非常长，例如有些神经元从脊髓一直延伸至脚趾，所以髓鞘的加速效果十分重要。