So once again, it all boils down to action potentials.

所以再一次，这一切都归结为动作电位。

So taste, like all our senses, is all about how action potentials get triggered.

所以味觉，就像我们所有感官一样，都是关于动作电位是如何被触发。

They transmit signals down their axons by way of electrical impulses, or action potentials.

它们通过电子脉冲或动作电位把信号向下传递给神经轴突。

And it begins with pacemaker cells generating their own action potentials.

它始于起搏细胞产生自己动作电位。

These compounded factors can raise the speed of an action potential as high as 432 kilometers per hour.

这些复合因素可以将动作电位提速至每小时 432 公里。

So now we've paused on one motor action potential that's happening right now inside of your brain.

我们现此时此刻正你脑内一个运动电势。

And the leakier the membrane gets, the faster it keeps triggering action potentials.

膜越泄漏，它触发动作电位速度就越快。

Myelin is extremely important to neurons, because it helps to allow an action potential to propagate much faster.

髓鞘对于神经元十分重要，因为它可以极大地加速动作电位传播。

Since the leaking happens at a steady rate, the cells fire off action potentials like clockwork.

由于泄漏以稳定速度发生，细胞像钟表一样发射动作电位。

As you're listening to a chorus of action potentials.

当您正聆听动作电位合唱时。

That is an action potential that is happening inside the plant.

这是植物内部发生动作电位。

Your brain sends action potentials down your spinal cord and preganglionic neuronal axons.

你大脑发送动作电位到你脊髓和节前神经轴突。

OK. So here we see an action potential encoding information to move. Alright?

好。 所以这里我们看到了动作电位编码信息移动。 好吧？

What do we get? We get a beautiful action potential.

我们得到什么？ 我们获得了漂亮动作电位。

Since chloride has a negative charge, it makes the inside of a cell more negative, and that inhibits an action potential.

由于氯离子带负电，这可导致细胞内负电荷积聚，来抑制动作电位。

We've even seen an action potential in a human.

我们甚至已经人类身上看到了动作电位。

Since calcium has a positive charge, it makes the inside of the cell more positive, and that helps trigger an action potential.

由于钙离子带正电，这可导致细胞内正电荷积聚，来触发动作电位。

So even if the brain sends a signal, the muscle cell can’t generate the action potential necessary to contract.

因此， 即使大脑发出信号，肌肉细胞也无法产生收缩所需动作电位。

Membrane voltage becomes less negative, moving closer to the threshold potential, making it EASIER to initiate an action potential.

膜电压具有较小负值，接近阈值电位，这样，更容易启动动作电位。

Stimulus is required to generate an action potential.

需要刺激来产生动作电位。